• Kids should be at least 100°F or more before feeding or tubing milk.
• Milk temperature should be 102-103°F.
• Add ¼ tsp baking soda to 1 bottle per day to prevent FKS.
• It is important to keep everything clean. Wash their bottles and nipples after each use.
• Do not overfeed them!
• Introduce them to the herd as soon as possible. They are very social animals.
• Make sure they have minerals and water at all times.

BOTTLE FEEDING CHART BY ROSIE RAMSEY 

• Colostrum needs to be fed every 2-4 hours in the first 24 hours of life.
• Week 1-2: feed 4-6 times a day.
• For Boer kids, offer creep feed and hay at 1 week old.
• Week 3-4: feed 4 times a day.
• Week 5-6: feed 3 times a day.
• Week 7-8: feed 2 times a day
• Week 9: feed once a day. More often is fine.
• Boer kids can get weaned anytime after 2 months, although waiting to wean at 3-4 months increases the chances of faster growth.

DIARRHEA IN GOAT KIDS

1. Give 4 ml of Pepto bismo daily for 2 days.
2. It it isn't helping, give ½ pill of sulfa daily for 5 days in a row. You can mix it in their bottle. If kid improves, continue with the treatment.
3. If a kid won't eat, make sure to keep tubing milk so their sugar levels won't drop.
4. Getting a fecal analysis is Always the best bet since you know what you're treating.

COCCIDIOSIS IN GOATS 

• Kids may have a hunched or depressed appearance, and may be listless, tired or or dehydrated (just because there are no symptoms, doesn't mean they are clear of it)
• Coccidia is spread through fecal contamination. Keep things clean!
• Avoid mixing batches of young animals with older animals.
• To prevent coccidiosis in kids, offer Albon in feed when they start eating solid foods. Coccidiosis is most common in goats 3 weeks - 5 months. If using Corid, be sure to give vitamin B1 as well. Give either one for 5 days.
• You can also feed goat ration with cocciostats.
• Natural coccidia and barberpole prevention for kids: Mix 1 drop of oregano oil in 5 ml olive oil (Give 1ml of the mixture twice a day for 3 days in a row)
• Natural coccidia and barberpole prevention for adults: Mix 1 drop oregano, 2 drops sweet orange in 6ml olive oil (Give twice a day for 3 days then do another round 10 days later)

MINERALS FOR GOATS

• Goats are more likely to be deficient in selenium, zinc, copper, iron, and iodine.
• Minerals contain salt, no other salt is needed. Too much salt can cause a goat to eat less and can cause udder problems such as edema
• Young bucks have higher nutrient needs since they are still growing.
• Does need more minerals during their pregnancy and when lactating.
• Buy minerals specifically for goats.
• Offer minerals to kids as soon as possible.

SYMPTOMS OF MINERAL DEFICIENCIES IN GOATS 

• Copper (loss of hair color, coarse hair that has hooked end tips, abortions, stillbirths, anemia, frequent bone fractures, poor appetite, weight loss, decreased milk production)
• Iron (anemia caused by stomach worms, sucking lice, or blood loss. Note: excess iron can cause decreased fertility)
• Manganese (slow growth rates in kids especially Bucklings, reduced fertility, abortions in does, improperly formed legs, difficulty walking. Note: too much calcium interferes with manganese absorption)
• Selenium (white muscle disease, newborns with weak back legs, kids too weak to nurse dam, pneumonia from weakness in the muscles that control breathing)
• Vitamin A (thick nasal discharge, difficulty in seeing or blindness, respiratory diseases, susceptibility to parasites and diseases, scruffy hair coat, diarrhea, fertility problems. Note: supplement carefully to avoid toxicity)
• Vitamin E (white muscle disease. Note: feeding silage or old hay can produce vitamin E deficiency)
• Zinc (excessive salivation, deformed hooves, stiff joints, chronic skin problems, abnormally small testicles, poor libido
• Calcium (blameless, bowed legs in does bred too young)

BLOAT IN GOATS

• Baking soda does not prevent or treat bloat although you should give it afterwards to treat possible acidosis 
• Use oil for bloat, preferably vegetable oil 
• Have Gas-x and therabloat French concentrate on hand for bloat

POISONING IN GOATS

• Have activated charcoal (1tsp/10lbs body weight with a little water) and milk of magnesia on hand for poisoning.

Note: Diarrhea is their body's way of eliminating toxins

MASTITIS IN GOATS

• Not milking does not cause mastitis bacteria, CAE, or injury does
• Keep her udder clean
• Symptoms of mastitis may be fever, clumps in milk or discoloration in milk, lumps/hard, hot udder.

DRYING OFF A DOE

• When drying off a goat, milk is demand and supply. The more you milk, the more she will produce.
• Increasing feed means increasing milk.

UDDER STAPH INFECTIONS IN GOATS 

• Clean the area 
• Use chlorhexidine or an iodine solution 1-2 times a day
• You may also use Destin maximum for staph
• Use a teat dip to prevent bacteria to enter the udder
• Give Benzathine penicillin for 5 days in a row (5ml per 100lbs) if it doesn't get better

UDDER EDEMA IN GOATS 

• Too much salt before or during pregnancy can cause udder edema in goats
• Give lasix (furosemide) and Vitamin A, D3, & E
• Massage udder and apply hot compresses 

CONGESTED UDDER IN GOATS

• Reduce grains 
• Give 3000 ml of vitamin C (Pine needles are high in vitamin C)
• Apply hot compresses and massage while milking 

ABSCESSES IN GOATS

• They are usually caused by a foreign object, like a splinter or thorn lodging under a goat's skin and becoming infected (Injections can also cause abscesses)
• If untreated, the abscess can disappear on its own or will continue to grow.
• You can apply hot compresses, or lance it with a sharp scalpel. Check it frequently and wait for the outer wall to thin out and make lancing easier.
• Always wear gloves to prevent contamination.
• Put warm compresses on the wound several times a day.
• You can also put some triple antibiotic ointment on the area.
• Infectious abscesses are not a big risk to the rest of the herd if they burst, On the other hand, Cornybacterium pseudotuberculosis bacteria can infect the lymph nodes & cause abscesses both inside & outside the body. This causes (CLA).
• If an abscess has thick, greenish material, assume that it's CLA, isolate your goat, and get it tested.

ANEMIA IN GOATS

• Find the reason first and treat (barberpole worms are the main cause, but bloodsucking lice can also be the cause)
• Afterwards, Give 1ml/25lbs of injectable iron (2-3 times the 1st week then once a week)
• Or you can give red cell orally (6ml/100lbs) no more than 10 days max, then once a week & vitamin B12 
• Or high potency B (1ml/20lbs)
• Vitamin C helps with the absorption of iron
• Feed high protein foods!

Note: you want a B complex injectable with 1000 mcg/ml B12. B complex plus or maxi-B 1000

BOTTLE JAW IN GOATS

• It is mainly caused by anemia, which is then mainly caused by barberpole worms or liver flukes
• Identity and treat the parasites
• Provide iron supplements for the anemia